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The richest countries in the world 77
"In March 1999, a small number of Californians discovered new world called Norrath, populated by alien people, but difficult. Approximately 12,000 people call this place their permanent home, although that some 60,000 are at a time. Hourly nominal wage is about USD 3.42 dollars per hour and produce work of the people GDP per capita somewhere between that of Russia and Bulgaria. Currency Norrath is traded on currency markets, USD 0.0107 dollars above the yen and sterling. Economy characterized by extreme inequality, but life is very attractive for many people. The population is growing rapidly, swelling every day hundreds of immigrants from all over world, but especially in the United States. May Probably the most interesting location is the New World him. Norrath is a virtual world that exists fully 40 computers, San Diego. Unlike many Internet companies, virtual worlds make money (with annual revenues expected exceed 1.5 billion dollars in 2004) and, if network effects are so strong here as they were with other innovations Internet, Virtual worlds may soon become the main place for all online activities. "(From virtual worlds by Edward Castronova)
The first article published the phenomenon of virtual economies has been in 2001 by Edward Castronova (summary of this work is cited above).
Edward Castronova is when the welfare economist (Saddeningly unpopular professions), a professor at Fullerton, California, and lives alone (his wife His work in another city). Needless to say, that I was bored and unhappy. To pass the time Castronova started playing Everquest. Castronova quickly noticed Games buslting national economy. virtual products are generated by different actors in gambling activities (most often to the death of animals or creatures that roamed Landscape of Norrath) and exchanges between participants virtual markets. Things get interesting Castronova noticed as a player auction sales. People who are tired of the games are sold their characteristics at sites such as eBay, people sell virtual items and money (in this case, platinum pieces "). Everquest items have a value in the real world.
When people pay cash for unit and zeros.
Castronova data collected from 616 auctions noting how each element is sold in U.S. dollars. After calculating the exchange course, found that EverQuest platinum and is worth U.S. penny. At that time, the increase of Japanese yen or the Italian lira (These rates are more accurate, but the idea remains the same.) With this figure in mind, Castronova return to work with numbers to see how fast the economy is Everquest. EverQuest players, where all revenues from other hand in the game, killing monsters, skinning animals use their "skills" to produce goods and services. He finds that the average player for some time in the game produced about 319 pieces of platinum, which means that the hourly wage for the game EverQuest is about $ 3.42 (higher than minimum wage in most countries.) In 2001, U.S. GDP was approximately $ 2,266 per capita EverQuest.
EverQuest is the richest country in the world and 77th not even exist.
Castronova published research you soon in a document entitled Virtual worlds: A first hand account of market and society Cyberian Frontier 'I thought you might seventy-five would people read it, not Remember, "and that would be great." (The Walrus). Instead of 75 people reading newspapers, thousands. When people talk about blogs and forums, politicians and economists say reading, and quickly became the most downloaded document from the Social Science Research network (where posted).
For most people is a kind of value and one should ignore sidways. For economists, this is an exciting new era.
The problem with the study of economics is that there is no controlled study has not test group there is no perfect market. Economists fantasy world market situation, where everything is rational and informed and equal starts. Problem is that people are not always rational, not always acting in their economic interest All things are not equal. Some people are born rich, some very poor, some competitions Ivy Leauge, some secondary education. Karl Marx argued that the Capitol is a problem with most of markets, Adam Smith argued that people favor free markets and the opportunity to Excel. But there is no way to test these theories difinitively.
The good thing about these virtual economies is that all are equal start. Everyone starts one level character, no money, no skills or positions, but they wore clothes. EverQuest, and real Games such as meritocracy and economists turn to how complete laboratory equipment and the dish filled with cells should be carried to genetics.
The role of developers Game does not end when you put on I can not play the "free" market and hope that all live happily. Game Developers Make More Money more people in the game, which sold software monthly. Therefore is important for them to keep the game interesting interesting and exciting players play for old and new. And players want more, it is fair game, or at least the illusion of fair game.
Companies face control problems as the rate of inflation in the game, select "Right" price appreciation that buy things for NPC to decide how many objects rarely be done. If spool of thread costs two gold medals, and in order to be worth twenty gold shirt is that the margin The margin for good performance? All you will become a measure of deployment this potential, and thus ruin economic game?
About the Author
Steven is a researcher for many game sites such as
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